Apparatus to separate gas from a liquid flow

ABSTRACT

A gas arrestor separates entrained gas from a liquid medium. The gas arrestor is a porous member, such as a woven mesh screen having pores of a size sufficiently small to enable liquid transport while inhibiting gas transport. Since the trapped gas has a tendency to accumulate on the porous member impeding continued liquid flow, a wick extends in an upstream direction from the porous member. When used in spacecraft to provide substantially gas-free liquid to a thruster, the gas arrestor is located between a tank of pressurized liquid propellant and a gas generator. Improved results are obtained by locating the gas arrestor between a pressure reducing liquid fluid resistor and the gas generator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an apparatus for separating an entrained gasfrom a liquid. More particularly, a fine mesh screen transports theliquid by capillary action but inhibits the flow of entrained gas.Following gas separation, the liquid may be used for applicationsrequiring a gasless, or reduced gas content, liquid including spacecraftpropulsion, chemical process control and medical applications.

2. Description of Related Art

Spacecraft, such as satellites, frequently utilize electrothermal arcjetthrusters for attitude and altitude adjustments. As disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,995,231 to Smith et al., that is incorporated by reference inits entirety herein, electrothermal arcjet thrusters convert electricalenergy to thermal energy by heat transfer from an arc discharge to aflowing propellant and from thermal energy to directed kinetic energy byexpansion of the heated propellant through a nozzle.

Most electrothermal arcjet thrusters have as common features an anode inthe form of a nozzle body and a cathode in the form of a cylindrical rodwith a conical tip. The nozzle body has an arc chamber defined by aconstrictor in a rearward portion of the body and a nozzle in a forwardportion thereof. The cathode rod is aligned on the longitudinal axis ofthe nozzle body with its conical tip extending into the upstream end ofthe arc chamber in spaced relation to the constrictor so as to define agap therebetween.

An electric arc is first initiated between the cathode rod and the anodenozzle body at the entrance to the constrictor. The arc is then forceddownstream through the constrictor by pressurized vortex-like flow of apropellant gas introduced into the arc chamber about the cathode rod.The arc stabilizes and attaches at the nozzle. The propellant gas isheated in the region of the constrictor and in the region of the arcdiffusion at the mouth of the nozzle downstream of the exit from theconstrictor. The superheated gas is then exhausted out the nozzle toachieve thrust.

The gaseous propellant for an electrothermal arcjet thruster istypically formed by catalytic decomposition of a liquid propellant in agas generator. One liquid propellant employed for spacecraft propulsionis an autocatalytic liquid (spontaneously decomposes to gaseous productson contact with a catalyst), such as hydrazine (N₂H₄). Hydrazinedecomposes to hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas on contact with an iridiumcatalyst in a gas generator. The hydrogen and nitrogen gases areconverted to a high temperature plasma in an arcjet thruster andexpelled at supersonic speeds through a nozzle propelling thespacecraft.

Typically, the liquid propellant is stored in a fuel tank. A pressurizedgas pressurizes the liquid propellant so that the opening of adownstream thrust control valve initiates flow of the hypergolic fluidto the gas generator. The use of a pressurized gas to deliver amonopropellant to a gas generator is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,746,050 to McLean et al., that is incorporated by reference in itsentirety herein. Pressurized helium gas is used to displace liquidhydrazine in the fuel tank. Helium bubbles may become entrained in theliquid hydrazine. By entrained, it is meant that the helium bubbles aresuspended in the liquid and mechanically transported with the liquid, asdistinguished from dissolution. Helium may also be dissolved and go intosolution in the hydrazine. Dissolved helium may reform as entrainedbubbles when the liquid hydrazine pressure drops.

At typical pressures employed in spacecraft propulsion systems, on theorder of 80 psia to 100 psia at the gas generator, the helium bubblescan be large enough to cause the liquid hydrazine to be delivered to thegas generator as liquid slugs separated by helium bubbles or as liquidinterspersed with a plurality of bubbles. When the liquid hydrazinecontacts the catalyst in the gas generator, it rapidly decomposes into alarge volume of gas, increasing the pressure in the gas generator.Helium does not react with the catalyst in the gas generator so thatwhen a helium bubble passes through the gas generator, there is noincrease in gas volume and the pressure in the gas generator drops.Fluctuations in the gas generator between high pressure when hydrazineis present and low pressure when helium is present causes pressure andmass flow rate oscillations in the gaseous product output. In an arcjetthruster, these pressure and mass flow rate oscillations may cause theelectric arc to travel from the nozzle back into the throat generatingthe potential for the electric arc to either extinguish or erode thethroat.

Spacecraft propulsion thrusters are generally small thrusters used afterthe spacecraft approaches orbital elevation and is in a microgravityenvironment. The spacecraft propulsion thrusters are used to makealtitude and attitude adjustments to place, or return, the spacecraft ina precisely desired location. The adjustments require a continuous flowof liquid propellant for a precise amount of time. Gas entrained in theflow can lead to undesirable interruptions in the physical or chemicalprocess taking place in the thruster. The flow interruptions can lead toinstabilities or damage and also significantly reduce the lifetime ofthe unit.

Among the detrimental effects of gas entrained in the liquid propellantare positive voltage excursions whereby gas entrained in the liquidpropellant at a pressure of 255 psia expands when transiting a fluidresistor and exiting the fluid resistor at a pressure of 100 psia. Rapidexpansion of the gas provides a surge in the propellant flow downstreamof the expanding gas increasing the volume of propellant gas deliveredto the arcjet thruster and causing a voltage rise. A bubble of the size0.040 cm³ (at 255 psia) into the fluid resistor can cause a high voltageshutdown of the arcjet thruster.

Negative voltage excursions can occur when helium gas passes into thegas generator displacing hydrazine. This reduces the flow of propellantgas to the arcjet thruster causing the arc to pull back toward theconstrictor. The increased concentration of arc on the electrode surfaceat the constrictor can cause abnormal heating and possible damage.Repeated gas ingestion increases electrode wear and possibly reducesthruster operating life.

Another scenario resulting in a negative voltage excursion is that theentrained gas is either generated or collected at the thrust controlvalve during arcjet operation and eventually migrates to the gasgenerator as a large gas bubble starving the gas generator of hydrazineand reducing the flow of propellant. Tests and analytical resultsindicate that a bubble as small as 0.001 cm³ (at 255 psia) can cause ameasurable voltage drop-off at the arcjet thruster, on the order of 5volts. A bubble size of 0.008 cm³ (at 255 psia) can cause a low voltageshutdown of the arcjet thruster.

Within a fuel tank, it is known to use propellant management devices toemploy capillary action to draw liquid propellant from the tank whileinhibiting the flow of a gaseous pressurant as disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 4,272,257. One material disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,278 for usein a propellant management device is a titanium or steel sheet withsmall, on the order of 0.0015 inch, perforated holes. A description ofthe use of capillary action to separate a gas from a liquid is found inU.S. Pat. No. 5,711,877.

Each of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,272,257; 4,743,278 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,877is incorporated by reference in the entirety herein.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,746,050 discloses devices such as ultrasonic transducersand externally driven flow agitators disclosed upstream of the gasgenerator to reduce the size of gas bubbles entrained in the liquidpropellant and thereby reduce the potential for damage to the gasgenerator and the arcjet thruster. The propellant management devicesdisclose methods for reducing or eliminating entrained gas from liquidpropellant exiting a fuel tank but do not address problems associatedwith entrained gas downstream of the fuel tank. There remains, however,a need for a liquid/gas separator that removes entrained gas as opposedto the reduction of bubble size and is capable of removing the entrainedgas downstream from the fuel tank.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is a first object of the invention to provide a gasarrestor that effectively separates an entrained gas from a liquidmedium. It is a second object of the invention to incorporate the gasarrestor into a spacecraft propulsion system such that entrained gasdoes not interfere with proper operation of spacecraft thrusters.

It is a feature of the invention that the gas arrestor is a porousmember having pores of a size effective to enable the passage of liquidmedium while inhibiting the transport of the gas due to the surfacetension of the gas. It is another feature of the invention that theporous member is preferably a woven screen mesh and may be formed fromtitanium or a titanium base alloy. It is a feature of one embodiment ofthe invention that a wick extends from the porous member in an upstreamdirection to prevent the formation of a liquid flow blocking gas bubble.Still another feature of the invention is that the gas arrestor may bepositioned downstream of the thrust control valve. An advantage of thisfeature is that when the thrust control valve is turned off, trapped gasand remaining liquid is vented through the gas generator and reactionchamber into space. This provides passive and cyclic removal of the gaswithout the requirement of an additional vent element.

Among the advantages of the invention are that a gas free, orsubstantially gas free liquid is provided for use in spacecraftapplications or other applications requiring such a liquid. Bypositioning the gas arrestor downstream of a liquid fluid resistor, thatreduces the pressure of the liquid medium, dissolved gas that generatesbubbles on the pressure reduction is trapped by the gas arrestor.

In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, there isprovided a gas arrestor for separating an entrained gas from a liquid.The gas arrestor includes an inlet coupling a source of the liquidhaving an entrained gas component from a reservoir contained within thegas arrestor. A wall of the reservoir is formed from a first side of aporous member. The porous member has the first side and an opposingsecond side with pores extending therebetween. The pores are of a sizeeffective to enable the flow of the liquid from the first side to thesecond side while inhibiting the flow of the entrained gas component. Inone embodiment, a wick extends from the first side in a direction towardthe inlet and a second conduit that is adjacent the second side receivesthe liquid following entrained gas separation.

In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, there isprovided a system for the delivery of a gaseous product to a reactionchamber. This system includes a fuel tank containing a liquidpropellant, a pressurized gas communicating with the fuel tank and athrust control valve disposed between the fuel tank and the reactionchamber. A gas arrestor is disposed between the fuel tank and the gasgenerator. The gas arrestor is effective to remove gas entrained in theliquid propellant. A gas generator receives the liquid propellant fromthe gas arrestor effecting decomposition of the liquid propellant toreaction gases and delivers the reaction gases to the reaction chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows in block diagram a system for the delivery of a gaseousproduct to an arcjet thruster as known from the prior art.

FIG. 2 illustrates in cross-sectional representation a gas arrestor inaccordance with a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a Dutch weave as used in a pore containing member ina gas arrestor.

FIG. 4 illustrates in cross-sectional representation a gas arrestor inaccordance with a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates in bottom planar view a combination of a porecontaining member and a wick forming a component of the gas arrestor ofFIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a gas arrestor of the typeillustrated in FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 in cross-sectional representation an alternative embodiment forthe removal of entrained gas from a gas arrestor of the type illustratedin FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows in block diagram a system 10 for the delivery of a gaseousproduct 12 to a reaction chamber 14 as known from the prior art. Thesystem 10 has a fuel tank 16 that contains a liquid propellant 18. Theliquid propellant 18 is preferably an autocatalytic monopropellant suchas hydrazine although bipropellants requiring both a liquid fuel and aliquid oxidizer may be used. The term “liquid propellant” is intended toencompass monopropellants, fuels and oxidizers.

A pressurized gas 20 housed in a pressure vessel 22 communicates withthe fuel tank 16 through a first conduit 24. The pressurized gas 20 isany suitable gas that is essentially non-reactive with the conduits andwith the liquid propellant 18. When the liquid propellant 18 ishydrazine, helium is preferred as the pressurized gas.

The conduits are formed from any material having chemical resistance tothe liquid propellant 18, having thermal resistance to temperaturesgenerated by a gas generator (up to 1300° F.) and capable ofwithstanding the system operating pressure of up to 400 psia. Stainlesssteel such as type 304L stainless steel (nominal composition, by weight,of 18%-20% chromium, 8%-12% nickel and the balance iron) and highperformance alloys such as Inconel 600 (nominal composition, by weight,of 76% nickel, 15.5% chromium, 8% iron and 0.5% manganese) are suitablematerials for the conduits.

Opening a first valve 26 disposed in the first conduit 24 by anysuitable means such as mechanical, electromechanical or pyrotechniccauses the pressurized gas 20 to flow through the first conduit 24 andpressurize the liquid propellant 18.

Following pressurization of the liquid propellant 1l, a portion of thepressurized gas 20 may be entrained in, or absorbed by, the liquidpropellant 18. The entrained gas may manifest itself as bubbles leadingto deteriorated performance of the reaction chamber 14.

A second conduit 30 joins the fuel tank 16 to a thrust control valve 33.A liquid fluid resistor 90 is interposed into the second conduit 30,preferably between the fuel tank 16 and thrust control valve 33. Theliquid fluid resistor 90 provides a uniform pressure drop from the inlet92 to the outlet 94 and also minimizes the effect of backflow pressuresurges from the outlet 94 to the inlet 92. One type of liquid fluidresistor 90 includes a reduced diameter portion 96 with many twists andturns to change the direction of liquid flow many times as the liquidpropellant 18 traverses the liquid fluid resistor 90.

The pressure of the liquid propellant 18 in the outlet 94 is determinedby the reduced diameter and the flow geometry. This pressure is lessthan the pressure of the liquid propellant 18 at the inlet 92. Forexample, the liquid is typically at a pressure of about 255 psia atinlet 92 and at a pressure of about 100 psia at outlet 94. The pressuredrop across the fluid resistor 90 can result in the release of bubblesif the pressurized liquid propellant 18 has absorbed pressurant gas 20.The decrease in pressure changes the saturation point of the liquidpropellant 18, releasing the pressurant gas 20 from the solution.

Relatively small bubbles of pressurant gas at the higher pressure expandwhen the pressure of the liquid is reduced increasing the effect of thebubble and leading to the positive and negative voltage excursionsdescribed hereinabove.

The thrust control valve 33 controls initiation and termination of theflow of the pressurized liquid propellant 18 to a gas generator 32. Athird conduit 35 joins the thrust control valve 33 to the gas generator32. The gas generator 32 contains a porous catalyst bed 34 of anysuitable material that catalyzes the decomposition of the liquidpropellant 18. When the liquid propellant 18 is hydrazine, one suitablecatalyst is iridium deposited on a porous alumina substrate.

The pressurized liquid propellant 18 is decomposed to a gaseous product12. For hydrazine, the gaseous product is a mixture of hydrogen gas andnitrogen gas. The decomposition of the liquid propellant 18 to thegaseous product 12 results in a rapid volumetric expansion acceleratingthe gaseous product 12 to the reaction chamber 14 through a fourthconduit 37.

The reaction chamber 14 may comprise any suitable device such as anarcjet thruster. FIG. 1 illustrates an arcjet thruster having an anodebody 36 usually manufactured from tungsten or a tungsten alloy. Theanode body 36 is disposed about a central cavity having an upstreamconverging portion 38 and a diverging downstream portion 40. Disposedbetween the converging upstream portion 38 and the diverging downstreamportion 40 is a reduced diameter throat 42. A cathode 44 is disposed inthe upstream converging portion 38 and approaches the throat 42. When avoltage is applied through a power controller 46, an electric arc 48bridges the cathode in the upstream converging portion 38. The force ofthe gaseous product 12 traversing the arcjet thruster 14 forces theelectric arc 48 through the throat 42. In steady state operation, theelectric arc attaches to a wall of the downstream diverging portion 40.The heat generated by the electric arc 46 heats the gaseous product to atemperature of about 20,000 K generating a plasma. Expulsion of the hotplasma through the diverging portion 40 propels the spacecraft.

To minimize or eliminate the detrimental effect of entrained gasbubbles, a system for separating an entrained gas from a liquid mediumis inserted into the system 10. Preferably, a gas arrestor is inserteddownstream of the liquid fluid resistor 90 for effectiveness incapturing bubbles released by the pressure drop caused by the liquidfluid resistor. More preferably, the gas arrestor is disposed betweenthe thrust control valve 33 and the gas generator 32. “Upstream” and“downstream” refer to the anticipated flow of propellant through thesystem 10. Downstream is in the direction indicated by the flow arrowsassociated with gaseous product 12 and liquid propellant 18. Upstream isin the opposite direction.

FIG. 2 illustrates in cross-sectional representation a gas arrestor 50in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention. The referencearrows indicate the direction of flow of the liquid propellant in adownstream direction, from the thrust control valve to the gasgenerator. The gas arrestor 50 has a forward housing 52 and rear housing54 joined together by any suitable means. Preferably, the joint 55 iswelded, although other joints, both permanent and removable, such asbolts to enable replacement of gas arrestor components, may be used. Thejoint should be hermetic to prevent liquid propellant from leaking ormigrating around the porous member.

A liquid/gas separator 56 is disposed between the forward housing 52 andrear housing 54. To provide hermeticity, a metallic gasket 58 isdisposed between the housing components and the liquid/gas separator.One preferred metallic gasket is formed from nickel or a dilute nickelbase alloy.

A suitable liquid/gas separator is a metallic screen formed from amaterial that is not corroded by contact with the liquid propellant. Apreferred material is a titanium or titanium base alloy screen. By base,it is meant that the alloy includes at least 50%, by weight, oftitanium. The screen includes a plurality of pores 60 with an open areaof a size effective to enable the flow of the liquid medium. A suitablesize for the pores 60 is to have a particle retention size of from about20 microns to about 75 microns. More preferred is a pore size withparticle retention of from about 20 microns to about 40 microns by 40microns.

One exemplary material is a titanium screen having a 120 by 500 meshDutch twill with a wire diameter of 0.004 inch for the warp wires and0.0027 inch for the weft (also referred to as shute) wires. The materialis rated as having a particle retention size of 35 microns.

The type of weave is important as the weave type controls the capillaryaction of the material in combination with the surface tension. Withreference to FIG. 3, that illustrates a Dutch twill weave, the term“twill” indicates that the warp and the weft wires pass alternately overtwo and under two wires. The term “Dutch” refers to the use of a heavierwarp wire 57 diameter in conjunction with a lighter shute wire 59diameter. In a Dutch twill weave, there is a shute wire above and belowthe warp wires creating a dense weave with the warp wires completelycovered. The flow-pass geometry is extremely tortuous insuring excellentbubble retention.

With reference back to FIG. 2, when the arcjet thruster is in operation,liquid propellant flows from the thrust control valve filling thereservoir 62 defined by inner surfaces of rear housing 54 and liquid/gasseparator 56. While the reservoir illustrated in FIG. 2 is conical, anysuitable reservoir shape may be utilized. For example, the exploded viewof FIG. 6 illustrates a cylindrical reservoir. The liquid propellantcontacts a first surface 64 of the liquid/gas separator 56. The liquidcomponent passes through the pores 60 by capillary action exiting on thesecond surface 66 of the liquid/gas separator providing essentiallygas-free liquid propellant for delivery to the gas generator. Theentrained gas remains trapped in reservoir 62.

Once the arcjet thruster has performed the necessary maneuver, thesystem downstream of the thrust control valve is exposed to the vacuumof outer space expelling the trapped gas bubbles and remaining liquidthrough the thruster. This advantage, achieved when the gas arrestor isdownstream of the thrust control valve, provides for passive and cyclicventing of the gas following each arcject thruster duty cycle. Since thethruster is now in an off state, the combination of liquid and gas hasno effect on thruster operation.

While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 has been shown to worksatisfactorily, gas bubbles tend to accumulate along the first surface64 of the liquid/gas separator. Over time, a gaseous barrier impedes theflow of liquid through the liquid/gas separator necessitating anincrease in pressure that also causes a portion of the gas to passthrough pores 60 leading to the detrimental voltage excursions discussedabove.

The gas film is eliminated by utilizing the gas arrestor 70 illustratedin FIG. 4. A wick 72 contacts the liquid/gas separator 56. The wick isany material that may effectively move liquid propellant from an inlet74 of the gas arrestor 70 to the first surface 64. Preferably, thistransport is by capillary action and the wick 72 is formed from amaterial that facilitates such capillary motion. In a preferredembodiment, the wick 72 is formed from the same material as liquid/gasseparator 56.

In one embodiment, the wick 72 is formed of a plurality of screenmembers extending from the first surface 64 in the direction of inlet74. To avoid distortion of the extension members, a small gap 76 isretained between inside surface 78 of rear housing 54 and the extensionmembers. Preferably, this gap is on the order of 0.01 inch-0.03 inch andmore preferably is nominally 0.02 inch.

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of gas arrestor 70 viewed in bottomplanar view. The wick 72 is in the form of two intersecting extensionmembers forming a cruciform, although other shapes are certainly equallyadequate. Tabs 80 extend from the surface of the wick contacting firstsurface 64. The tabs 80 are bonded to the first surface 64 such as bywelds 82. While welding or some other mechanism whereby the wick becomesintegral with the liquid gas separator 56 is preferred, a non-integralstructure, such as compressively pressing a wick material against thefirst surface may also be employed.

As long as a sufficiently thick film of liquid propellant extends fromthe inlet to the first surface 64, the size of the collected bubblecould be increased significantly beyond the size of the bubble capableof being retained in the FIG. 2 embodiment without increasing liquidpressure.

FIG. 6 illustrates in exploded view the gas arrestor 70 including a rearhousing 74 and forward housing 73 to support the liquid/gas separator56/wick 72 assembly. A plurality of metallic gaskets 58 supported byflanges 84 provides hermeticity. While a single metallic gasket providessufficient hermeticity on both the first surface 64 side and the secondsurface side 66, multiple gaskets are preferred, as illustrated on thesecond surface side 66 to compensate for manufacturing tolerances.

FIG. 7 illustrates a gas arrestor 100 in accordance with a thirdembodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a vent 102 having amechanically or electrically actuated vent valve 104 extends intoreservoir 62. Such a vent may be required when the gas arrestor can notbe positioned downstream of the thrust control valve, when liquidremaining in the system following arcject shut off is to be recycled, orfor other reasons. The vent 102 enables periodic venting of the gascontained within reservoir 62 without the requirement of terminatingpower to the arcjet thruster. If the gas arrestor is to be operated in agravity environment, the vent hole is positioned on an upwardly facingsurface of the arrestor to provide gravitational separation between gasand liquid. Operation of a vent valve in a microgravity environmentwould likely further require the application of a vacuum to draw off theaccumulated gas. In addition, since the fluid in the gas arrestor isunder pressure, venting must be controlled to minimize causing apressure drop detrimental to operation of the system.

Alternatively, vent 102 is directed to return a gas rich liquid to aconsumer of liquid propellant that is not as sensitive to the presenceof gas bubbles, for example monopropellant and bipropellant chemicalthrusters.

While primarily drawn to application with an arcjet thruster forspacecraft attitude control, the gas arrestors of the invention are notlimited to arcjet thruster applications. Such other applicationsincluding any spacecraft propulsion device where gas-free, orsubstantially gas-free, propellants will improve performance such asmonopropellant thrusters and bipropellant thrusters. Such a bipropellantthruster application may arise where a controlled, repeatable chemicalreaction depends on the exact mixing ratio of the fuel and oxidizercomponents. The gas arrestors of the invention may be used in anyapplication that requires a gasless liquid flow including, but notlimited to applications where pumps would start to cavitate if gas isingested, chemical process controls where a precise mixture of theintroduced reagents is required that would be disturbed by ingested gas,physical processes such as metallurgy, medical applications and foodprocessing.

It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with theinvention a system to deliver a reduced gas content liquid that fullysatisfies the objects, means and advantages set forth hereinabove. Whilethe invention has been described in combination with embodimentsthereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications andvariations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of theforegoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all suchalternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit andbroad scope of the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. A gas arrestor for separating an entrained gas from aliquid, comprising: an inlet coupling a source of said liquid having anentrained gas component from a reservoir contained within said gasarrestor, a wall of said reservoir being formed from a first side of aporous member; said porous member having said first side and an opposingsecond side with pores extending therebetween, said pores of a sizeeffective to enable the flow of said liquid from said first side to saidsecond side by capillary action while inhibiting the flow of saidentrained gas component; a wick extending from said first side in adirection toward said inlet; and a second conduit adjacent said secondside for receiving said liquid following entrained gas separation. 2.The gas arrestor of claim 1 wherein said pores have a particle retentionsize of between 20 microns and 75 microns.
 3. The gas arrestor of claim2 wherein said pores have a particle retention size of between 20microns and 40 microns.
 4. The gas arrestor of claim 3 wherein saidporous mender is formed from a woven mesh.
 5. The gas arrestor of claim4 wherein said woven mesh is titanium.
 6. A gas arrestor for separatingan entrained gas from a liquid, comprising: an inlet coupling a sourceof said liquid having an entrained gas component from a reservoircontained within said gas arrestor, a wall of said reservoir beingformed from a first side of a titanium porous member; said porous memberformed into a Dutch twill weave and having said first side and anopposing second side with pores extending therebetween, said pores of asize effective to enable the flow of said liquid from said first side tosaid second side by capillary action while inhibiting the flow of saidentrained gas component and having a particle retention size of between20 and 75 microns; a wick extending from said first side in a directiontoward said inlet; and a second conduit adjacent said second side forreceiving said liquid following entrained gas separation.
 7. The gasarrestor of claim 4 wherein said porous member is integral with saidwick.
 8. The gas arrestor of claim 7 wherein said porous member and saidwick are formed of the same material.
 9. A gas arrestor for separatingan entrained gas from a liquid, comprising: an inlet coupling a sourceof said liquid having an entrained gas component from a reservoircontained within said gas arrestor, a wall of said reservoir beingformed from a first side of a porous member formed from woven mesh; saidporous member having said first side and an opposing second side withpores extending therebetween, said pores of a size effective to enablethe flow of said liquid from said first side to said second side bycapillary action while inhibiting the flow of said entrained gascomponent and having a particle retention size of between 20 and 75microns; a wick, integral with said porous member and formed from thesame material, extending from said first side in a direction toward saidinlet, said wick being in the form of a plurality of woven mesh screenshaving a cruciform cross section and spaced from walls of saidreservoir; and a second conduit adjacent said second side for receivingsaid liquid following entrained gas separation.
 10. The gas arrestor ofclaim 9 wherein said wick is spaced from 0.01 inch to 0.03 inch fromsaid walls of said reservoir.
 11. The gas arrestor of claim 8 wherein avent extends from said reservoir.
 12. The gas arrestor of claim 1wherein said gas arrestor is suitable for use in a micro-gravityenvironment.